Class 10 Sanskrit Sandhi सन्धि और सन्धि-विच्छेद अभ्यास

Learn how sounds change when two Sanskrit forms meet. Practise joining and splitting with worked examples for CBSE Codes 122 and 119.

What each code covers · Worked examples · Practice questions · Answer key

How to join or split a form

To join, read the last sound of the first form and the first sound of the second. To split, restore those original sounds and check that both resulting forms fit the meaning. For example, इत्यादि → इति + आदि.

सन्धि करते समय पहले पद का अन्तिम वर्ण और दूसरे पद का पहला वर्ण देखें। सन्धि-विच्छेद में मूल रूप वापस लिखें और अर्थ से मिलाएँ।

Sandhi topics for Codes 122 and 119

CBSE lists four marks for Sandhi in the 2026–27 syllabus for each code. Some consonant and vowel rules differ.

CBSE Class 10 Sandhi syllabus by subject code
Type	Code 122	Code 119
स्वर सन्धि	यण्, अयादि, पूर्वरूप	वृद्धि, यण्, अयादि, पूर्वरूप
व्यञ्जन सन्धि	First consonant of a class changes to its third or fifth.	First consonant changes to its third. Also परसवर्ण (matching nasal in place of anusvāra) and तुगागम.
विसर्ग सन्धि	उत्व, रुत्व, विसर्गलोप, स् / श् / ष्

Official Code 122 syllabus · Official Code 119 syllabus

Worked examples · उदाहरण

Identify the sound that changes
Rule	Code	Before → after	What changes
यण्	Both	इति + आदि → इत्यादि	Final इ becomes य् before the different vowel आ. आ से पहले इ का य् हो जाता है।
अयादि	Both	ने + अनम् → नयनम्	In this textbook example, ए becomes अय् before अ. अ से पहले ए का अय् हो जाता है।
पूर्वरूप	Both	ते + अपि → तेऽपि	The ए stays. The अवग्रह (ऽ) marks the omitted initial अ. ए बना रहता है। लुप्त अ की जगह अवग्रह (ऽ) लिखते हैं।
जश्त्व	Both	वाक् + ईशः → वागीशः	Final क् becomes ग् before ई. ई से पहले क् का ग् हो जाता है।
प्रथम से पञ्चम वर्ण	122	जगत् + नाथः → जगन्नाथः	Final त् becomes the nasal न् before न् in this form. न् से पहले त् का न् हो जाता है।
परसवर्ण	119	अंकः → अङ्कः	When asked to replace the anusvāra with its matching nasal, use ङ् before क्. अनुस्वार के स्थान पर क-वर्ग का पञ्चम वर्ण ङ् लिखें।
तुगागम	119	परि + छेदः → परिच्छेदः	In this example the short इ is followed by छ, giving च्छ at the boundary. ह्रस्व इ के बाद छ आने पर यहाँ च्छ बनता है।
वृद्धि	119	सदा + एव → सदैव	आ and ए combine to give ऐ. आ और ए मिलकर ऐ बनाते हैं।
उत्व	Both	रामः + गच्छति → रामो गच्छति	Here अः becomes ओ before voiced ग्. यहाँ ग् से पहले अः का ओ हो जाता है।
रुत्व	Both	हरिः + गच्छति → हरिर्गच्छति	After इ, the visarga becomes र् before voiced ग्. इ के बाद का विसर्ग ग् से पहले र् हो जाता है।
विसर्गलोप	Both	रामः + इति → राम इति	The visarga drops in this अः + इ example. इस उदाहरण में इ से पहले विसर्ग हट जाता है।
स् / श् / ष्	Both	नमः + ते / निः + चलः / धनुः + टङ्कारः → नमस्ते / निश्चलः / धनुष्टङ्कारः	The visarga becomes स् before त्, श् before च् and ष् before ट् in these examples. इन उदाहरणों में त् से पहले स्, च् से पहले श् और ट् से पहले ष् लिखते हैं।

Practise joining and splitting

Start with the questions marked Both. Then try the ones for your subject code.

Join यदि + अपि (both codes)
Split तेऽत्र (both codes)
Join दिक् + गजः (both codes)
Split दुस्तरः (both codes)
Join पुनः + आगच्छति (both codes)
Split बालको वदति (both codes)
Join तत् + मयम् (Code 122)
Join यथा + एव (Code 119)
Replace the anusvāra with the matching nasal गंगा (Code 119)
Split अनुच्छेदः (Code 119)

Answer key · उत्तरमाला

Show all ten worked answers

यद्यपि · यण्. Final इ becomes य् before अ.
ते + अत्र · पूर्वरूप. The final ए stays and ऽ represents the omitted initial अ.
दिग्गजः · जश्त्व. The final क् changes to ग् before ग्.
दुः + तरः · विसर्ग → स्. The स् before त् is restored to the visarga when you split the form.
पुनरागच्छति · रुत्व. The visarga becomes र् before आ in this example.
बालकः + वदति · उत्व. Restore अः where the joined form has ओ before voiced व्.
तन्मयम् · प्रथम से पञ्चम वर्ण. In this form, त् changes to the dental nasal न् before म्.
यथैव · वृद्धि. आ and ए combine to give ऐ.
गङ्गा · परसवर्ण. The nasal of the क-वर्ग is ङ्, so use ङ् before ग्.
अनु + छेदः · तुगागम. Undo the added च् at the boundary after short उ.