ICSE Class 7 Sanskrit
Use word endings and verb forms to make sense of longer sentences in the textbook assigned by your school.
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Work on singular, dual and plural, subject–verb agreement and word roles. Begin a translation by finding the verb and the words that go with it.
Worksheets and practice papers
Match singular, dual and plural
Look at the noun first. Sanskrit has a dual for exactly two. For the verb पठ् in the present tense, compare पठति (one reads), पठतः (two read) and पठन्ति (more than two read). When changing number, check both subject and verb.
Worked example
छात्रः पाठं पठति। → छात्रौ पाठं पठतः।
छात्रः changes to छात्रौ because there are two readers. पठति changes to पठतः to agree. पाठम् still refers to the same lesson, so its form stays the same.
The garden after school
छात्रौ उद्यानं गच्छतः। तत्र ते पुष्पाणि पश्यतः। अन्ये छात्राः क्रीडन्ति।
How many students go to the garden?
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Two. छात्रौ and गच्छतः are both dual.
What do they see?
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पुष्पाणि. They see flowers.
What do the other students do?
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अन्ये छात्राः क्रीडन्ति। They play.
Independent practice
Try each question before opening its answer.
Change बालकः क्रीडति to refer to two boys.
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बालकौ क्रीडतः।
Change छात्रौ लिखतः to refer to several students.
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छात्राः लिखन्ति।
Identify the number of बालिका गायति।
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Singular. Both बालिका and गायति refer to one girl.
Explain उद्यानम् and उद्याने in these examples: उद्यानं गच्छति and उद्याने क्रीडति.
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उद्यानम् is the destination, “goes to the garden”. उद्याने gives the place, “plays in the garden”.
Apply what you learned
Choose one singular sentence from your reader. Rewrite it for two people and then for several people. Circle every ending you changed and explain why.
Quick revision
छात्रौ उद्याने क्रीडतः।
Who is playing, where, and how many are there?
Show the worked answer
Two students play in the garden. छात्रौ and क्रीडतः are dual forms. उद्याने gives the location.
बालिकाः गीतं गायन्ति।
Rewrite the sentence about one girl.
Show the second worked answer
बालिका गीतं गायति। Both the subject and verb are now singular.
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