Class 10 Sanskrit Avyaya अव्यय अभ्यास और उत्तर
Learn how to choose an indeclinable from the meaning of a Sanskrit sentence. Use the Hindi clues and try ten fill-in-the-blank questions for Codes 122 and 119.
What is an Avyaya?
An अव्यय is a word whose form stays the same across gender, number and case. In a word-bank question, decide what the blank needs to express: time, place, manner or a link between ideas.
अव्यय का रूप लिङ्ग, वचन और विभक्ति के कारण नहीं बदलता। रिक्त स्थान में समय, स्थान, रीति या सम्बन्ध बताने वाला पद पहचानिए।
| Code | Avyaya | Hindi meaning | English meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Both | अद्य / श्वः / ह्यः | आज / आने वाला कल / बीता हुआ कल | today / tomorrow / yesterday |
| Both | शनैः / सहसा / वृथा | धीरे / अचानक / व्यर्थ | slowly / suddenly / in vain |
| Both | अत्र / तत्र | यहाँ / वहाँ | here / there |
| Both | च / अपि | और / भी | and / also |
| Both | यदि / तर्हि | यदि / तो | if / then |
| 122 | कुतः / साम्प्रतम् | कहाँ से / अभी | from where / now |
| 119 | इव / मा | जैसा / मत | like / do not |
| 119 | इति / विना | कथन की समाप्ति का सूचक / बिना | marks the end of quoted words / without |
Worked examples · उदाहरण
- सा शनैः चलति। The blank needs a word for how she walks. वह धीरे चलती है।
- सा पठति। सोऽपि पठति। The second sentence adds another reader, so अपि means “also.” वह भी पढ़ता है।
- वयम् अत्र वसामः। ते तत्र वसन्ति। Look for the contrast between “here” and “there.” हम यहाँ रहते हैं। वे वहाँ रहते हैं।
Fill in the blanks
Use each word once in its set. Write the word from the bank. If you rewrite the whole sentence, apply sandhi where needed. Cover the Hindi clues for a second attempt.
Shared practice
Word bank · श्वः · शनैः · तत्र · च · अपि · तर्हि
- अद्य सोमवासरः। ___ मङ्गलवासरः। (आने वाला कल)
- वृद्धः ___ चलति। (धीरे)
- उद्यानं दूरेऽस्ति। ___ बालकाः क्रीडन्ति। (वहाँ)
- अहं पठामि लिखामि ___। (और)
- सा पठति। अहम् ___ पठामि। (भी)
- यदि त्वं पठसि, ___ अहं लिखामि। (तो)
Additional Code 122 practice
Word bank · कुतः · साम्प्रतम्
- त्वं ___ आगच्छसि? (कहाँ से)
- अहं ___ पुस्तकं पठामि। (अभी)
Additional Code 119 practice
Word bank · इव · मा
- इदं वस्तु पत्रम् ___ लघु। (जैसा)
- अत्र ___ लिख। (मत)
Answer key · उत्तरमाला
Show all ten worked answers
- श्वः · Tuesday comes tomorrow when today is Monday.
- शनैः · The blank describes how the person walks.
- तत्र · It refers back to the distant garden.
- च · च connects the two actions, reading and writing.
- अपि · अपि says that I read too.
- तर्हि · तर्हि introduces the result of the condition begun by यदि.
- कुतः · The question asks where the person is coming from.
- साम्प्रतम् · The clue indicates the present moment.
- इव · इव compares the light object to a leaf.
- मा · मा turns the instruction into a prohibition: do not write here.
Practise Question 10 in the official papers
- Code 122 · Sample paper · Marking scheme
- Code 119 · Sample paper · Marking scheme
Code 122 walkthrough · Code 119 walkthrough · Vāchya practice · Ashuddhi Sanshodhanam practice