Class 10 Sanskrit Vāchya वाच्य परिवर्तन अभ्यास और उत्तर
Convert Sanskrit sentences between कर्तृवाच्य and कर्मवाच्य in the present tense. Both CBSE codes cover वाक्यपरिवर्तनम् in लट् लकार.
Transformation method · Worked examples · Practice · Answer key
How do you change an active sentence to passive?
For a sentence with a direct object, put the doer in the instrumental case. Move the object from accusative to nominative, and choose the passive verb ending that matches its number.
सकर्मक वाक्य में कर्ता को तृतीया और कर्म को प्रथमा विभक्ति में लिखें। कर्म के वचन के अनुसार कर्मवाच्य की क्रिया चुनें।
रामः पुस्तकं पठति। → रामेण पुस्तकं पठ्यते।
| Part | Active | Passive | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| कर्ता (doer) | रामः | रामेण | Nominative to instrumental प्रथमा से तृतीया |
| कर्म (object) | पुस्तकम् | पुस्तकम् | Accusative to nominative. This neuter form looks the same. द्वितीया से प्रथमा। इस नपुंसकलिङ्ग पद में रूप समान है। |
| क्रिया (verb) | पठति | पठ्यते | Use the passive form in the number of the new subject. कर्म के वचन के अनुसार कर्मवाच्य की क्रिया लिखें। |
To return to active voice, restore the doer to the nominative and the object to the accusative. Make the active verb agree with the doer in person and number.
Worked examples · उदाहरण
- Dual object. रमा द्वे पत्रे लिखति। → रमया द्वे पत्रे लिख्येते। The two letters govern the dual ending. दो पत्रों के कारण लिख्येते द्विवचन है।
- Pronoun as doer. अहं पाठं स्मरामि। → मया पाठः स्मर्यते। Change अहम् to मया and पाठम् to पाठः. कर्ता अहम् का तृतीया रूप मया है।
- Impersonal construction (भाववाच्य). बालकः हसति। → बालकेन हस्यते। With no direct object, the verb takes the third-person singular impersonal form. कर्म नहीं है, इसलिए क्रिया एकवचन हस्यते रहती है।
Practise changing the voice
Rewrite the whole sentence and keep it in the present tense. Try the final item as extra practice for the impersonal pattern seen in the Code 119 sample paper.
- Make passive रामः कथां पठति।
- Make passive द्वे पुस्तके बालकः पठति।
- Make passive छात्रो लेखान् लिखति।
- Make passive अहं चित्रं पश्यामि।
- Make passive बालिकाः पत्रं लिखन्ति।
- Make active त्वया पत्रं लिख्यते।
- Make active बालकैः कथा पठ्यते।
- Make active रामेण फलं खाद्यते।
- Make passive वयं पाठं स्मरामः।
- Make impersonal (भाववाच्य) हसन्ति बालकाः।
Answer key · उत्तरमाला
Show all ten worked answers
- रामेण कथा पठ्यते। · रामः becomes रामेण. The singular कथा takes पठ्यते.
- बालकेन द्वे पुस्तके पठ्येते। · The two books determine the dual verb पठ्येते.
- छात्रेण लेखाः लिख्यन्ते। · Restore छात्रः from छात्रो and put it in the instrumental. The nominative plural लेखाः takes लिख्यन्ते.
- मया चित्रं दृश्यते। · अहम् becomes मया. The passive form here is दृश्यते.
- बालिकाभिः पत्रं लिख्यते। · The doers remain plural in the instrumental, while the one letter takes a singular verb.
- त्वं पत्रं लिखसि। · त्वया becomes त्वम्, which takes the second-person singular लिखसि.
- बालकाः कथां पठन्ति। · बालकाः is the plural subject and कथाम् is the accusative object.
- रामः फलं खादति। · रामेण becomes रामः, which takes खादति. The neuter object keeps the same visible form.
- अस्माभिः पाठः स्मर्यते। · वयम् becomes अस्माभिः. Singular पाठः takes स्मर्यते.
- हस्यते बालकैः। · There is no direct object. The doers take instrumental plural and the impersonal verb stays singular.
Try Question 8 in the official papers
Both 2026–27 syllabuses specify present-tense sentence transformation. Use the official marking schemes to check the expected forms.
- Code 122 · Syllabus · Sample paper · Marking scheme
- Code 119 · Syllabus · Sample paper · Marking scheme
Code 122 walkthrough · Code 119 walkthrough · Pratyaya practice · Avyaya practice