Class 10 Sanskrit Pratyaya प्रत्यय जोड़ना और अलग करना
Learn how to form a Sanskrit word from a base and a suffix, or identify the base and suffix in a given word. Practise with ten questions for CBSE Codes 122 and 119.
Topics by code · Worked examples · Practice questions · Answer key
How do you add or identify a Pratyaya?
First identify the base and the meaning the new word needs to express. Then check the form required by the sentence. To split सरलता, write सरल + तल्. ता is what you see at the end of the word, while तल् is the suffix name asked for in grammar.
पहले मूल रूप और अर्थ पहचानिए। फिर वाक्य के अनुसार लिङ्ग, वचन और विभक्ति देखिए। सरलता में अन्त में ता दिखाई देता है, लेकिन प्रत्यय का नाम तल् है।
Pratyaya topics for Codes 122 and 119
CBSE allocates four marks to Pratyaya in each 2026–27 syllabus. Eight suffixes are shared. Code 122 also lists क्त and क्तवतु.
| Category | Both codes | Additional in Code 122 |
|---|---|---|
| कृत् | तव्यत्, अनीयर् | क्त, क्तवतु |
| तद्धित | मतुप्, ठक्, त्व, तल् | — |
| स्त्री प्रत्यय | टाप्, ङीप् | — |
Worked examples · उदाहरण
| Suffix | Code | Formation | Meaning or change |
|---|---|---|---|
| तव्यत् | Both | पठ् + तव्यत् → पठितव्यम् | Something is to be read. जिसे पढ़ना चाहिए। |
| अनीयर् | Both | कृ + अनीयर् → करणीयम् | Something is to be done. Notice the base changes to कर् before the visible ending. जो करना चाहिए। बने हुए रूप में कृ की जगह कर् दिखता है। |
| क्त | 122 | लिख् + क्त → लिखितः | “Written.” This masculine singular form agrees with a noun such as लेखः. “लिखा हुआ।” जैसे लिखितः लेखः। |
| क्तवतु | 122 | पठ् + क्तवतु → पठितवान् | “Read” or “has read,” with a masculine singular subject who did the reading. “पढ़ चुका।” पुल्लिङ्ग एकवचन कर्ता के लिए। |
| मतुप् | Both | धन + मतुप् → धनवान् | Someone who has wealth. The masculine singular form ends in वान् here. जिसके पास धन है। यहाँ पुल्लिङ्ग एकवचन का रूप वान् पर समाप्त होता है। |
| ठक् | Both | समाज + ठक् → सामाजिकः | “Social.” The first vowel strengthens and the form takes इक. समाज से सामाजिकः। पहले स्वर में वृद्धि होती है और इक आता है। |
| त्व | Both | बाल + त्व → बालत्वम् | An abstract noun meaning childhood or the state of being a child. बाल होने की अवस्था। यह नपुंसकलिङ्ग रूप है। |
| तल् | Both | सरल + तल् → सरलता | An abstract noun meaning simplicity. The visible ending is ता. सरल होने का भाव। अन्त में ता आता है। |
| टाप् | Both | बाल + टाप् → बाला | A feminine form with long आ at the end. स्त्रीलिङ्ग रूप में अन्त में दीर्घ आ आता है। |
| ङीप् | Both | कुमार + ङीप् → कुमारी | A feminine form with long ई at the end. स्त्रीलिङ्ग रूप में अन्त में दीर्घ ई आता है। |
For Code 122, compare लिखितः लेखः (a written article) with बालकः पुस्तकं पठितवान् (the boy read the book). Identify whether the form describes what received the action or agrees with the person who performed it in these examples.
Practise forming and splitting words
Start with the eight shared questions. For the joining questions, give the same forms modelled above. Use a masculine singular form for मतुप् and क्त here.
- Join कृ + अनीयर् (both codes)
- Split पठितव्यम् (both codes)
- Join बुद्धि + मतुप् (both codes)
- Split सामाजिकः (both codes)
- Join मधुर + त्व (both codes)
- Split सुन्दरता (both codes)
- Join बाल + टाप् (both codes)
- Split कुमारी (both codes)
- Join लिख् + क्त (Code 122)
- Split पठितवान् (Code 122)
Answer key · उत्तरमाला
Show all ten worked answers
- करणीयम् · This form means “to be done.” The root कृ gives कर् here.
- पठ् + तव्यत् · Restore the root पठ् and give the full grammatical suffix name तव्यत्.
- बुद्धिमान् · The suffix expresses possession. Here the masculine singular ends in मान्.
- समाज + ठक् · The इक form and the change from स to सा point to ठक् in this word.
- मधुरत्वम् · त्व makes a neuter abstract noun meaning sweetness.
- सुन्दर + तल् · The visible ता denotes a quality. The named suffix is तल्.
- बाला · The final short अ becomes long आ in this feminine form.
- कुमार + ङीप् · Here the feminine ई comes from ङीप्.
- लिखितः · This masculine singular form describes something written, such as लेखः.
- पठ् + क्तवतु · The form refers to a masculine singular subject who did the reading.
Try Question 7 in the official sample papers
- Code 122 · Sample paper · Marking scheme
- Code 119 · Sample paper · Marking scheme
Code 122 walkthrough · Code 119 walkthrough · Samasa practice · Vāchya practice